Michael Bates: August 2020 Archives

Hastain's township plats of the Creek Nation : Hastain, E : Internet Archive

This handbook has a pair of pages for each 36 sq. mi. township showing which citizen of the Muscogee Creek Nation citizen was allotted each parcel. The letters before the roll number on each parcel indicate the allottee's status:

C = Creek Indian
F = Freedman
MC = Minor Creek
MF = Minor Freedman
NBC = New Born Creek
NBF = New Born Freedman

It's fascinating to see how much land was allotted to freedmen -- descendants of slaves who had belonged to Creek citizens and were freed by the 1866 post-Civil War treaty.

COVID-19 first appeared in Chinese miners in 2012: scientists

"The coronavirus may not have originated at a Wuhan wet market last year but 1,000 miles away in 2012 -- deep in a Chinese mineshaft where workers came down with a mysterious, pneumonia-like illness after being exposed to bats.

"Virologist Jonathan Latham and molecular biologist Allison Wilson, both of the non-profit Bioscience Resource Project in Ithaca, arrived at their finding after translating a 66-page master's thesis from the Chinese medical doctor who treated the miners and sent their tissue samples to the Wuhan Institute of Virology for testing."

For 20 Years the Nuclear Launch Code at US Minuteman Silos Was 00000000

"To give you an idea of how secure the PAL system was at this time, bypassing one was once described as being 'about as complex as performing a tonsillectomy while entering the patient from the wrong end.' This system was supposed to be essentially hot-wire proof, making sure only people with the correct codes could activate the nuclear weapons and launch the missiles.

"However, though the devices were supposed to be fitted on every nuclear missile after JFK issued his memorandum, the military continually dragged its heels on the matter. In fact, it was noted that a full 20 years after JFK had order PALs be fitted to every nuclear device, half of the missiles in Europe were still protected by simple mechanical locks. Most that did have the new system in place weren't even activated until 1977.

"Those in the U.S. that had been fitted with the devices, such as ones in the Minuteman Silos, were installed under the close scrutiny of Robert McNamara, JFK's Secretary of Defence. However, The Strategic Air Command greatly resented McNamara's presence and almost as soon as he left, the code to launch the missile's, all 50 of them, was set to 00000000."